During the reign of the Shah of Iran, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, from 1941 to 1979, the country underwent significant modernization and transformation. The Shah aimed to modernize Iran rapidly, introducing reforms in education, healthcare, and infrastructure development. Iran’s economy saw growth, particularly in the oil sector, thanks to substantial Western investments.

The period also marked a significant cultural shift with the spread of Western influence, resulting in mixed reactions from the population. While the Shah’s rule brought about progress, it also led to political repression and social inequalities, ultimately culminating in the Iranian Revolution of 1979, which resulted in his exile and the establishment of the Islamic Republic of Iran under Ayatollah Khomeini.